In second order cybernetics, what does the observer become in relation to the system being observed?

In second order cybernetics, the observer is considered to be part of the system being observed. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness and influence between the observer and the system rather than maintaining an objective, detached stance. The awareness that the observer's presence can affect the system introduces a level of reflexivity; the actions and insights of the observer can lead to changes in the system.

This approach contrasts with traditional first-order cybernetics, where the observer is seen as an external entity that does not impact the system. By recognizing the observer's role as part of the system, second-order cybernetics acknowledges that knowledge and understanding are co-created through interaction. This principle is particularly relevant in contexts like family therapy, where the therapist's perceptions and interventions can affect the dynamics of the family unit.

This understanding allows therapists to consider their influence critically and to recognize that their observations and interventions do not exist in a vacuum; they contribute to the ongoing development of the system they are working with.