What is considered a basic change in the structure and functioning of a system?

In family therapy and systems theory, the concept of second order change refers to a fundamental shift in the underlying structure and functioning of a system, which often leads to lasting transformation in behavior and relationships. This type of change alters the rules or interactions within a system, enabling the system to function more effectively or adapt to new situations.

For example, in a family setting, second order change might occur when communication patterns shift from conflict-laden interactions to more open and supportive exchanges. This transformation can influence the entire dynamic of the family, allowing for healthier relationships and more effective problem-solving.

In contrast, first order change involves superficial modifications that do not alter the underlying structure of a system. It may involve changing specific behaviors or interactions without addressing the systemic rules or dynamics that govern those behaviors. Therefore, while first order change can lead to temporary improvements, it does not typically result in the same level of significant or enduring change as second order change.

Negative feedback pertains to responses or mechanisms within a system that work to counteract changes, helping to maintain stability rather than fundamentally altering the structure. Morphogenesis, which describes the process of change and development within a system, may also be relevant but does not capture the specific notion of structural change in the same way that second