What term is used to describe a symptom carrier for family dysfunction or pathology?

The term that is used to describe a symptom carrier for family dysfunction or pathology is "the scapegoat." In family dynamics, the scapegoat is often an individual, usually a child or younger member of the family, who is blamed for the family's problems or dysfunctions. This individual may display symptoms of distress or behavioral issues that serve as a focal point for the family's underlying issues, essentially diverting attention away from the more complex systemic problems within the family unit.

The role of the scapegoat can sometimes lead to them becoming a target for blame and negativity, while other family members may evade accountability or avoid addressing their own issues. This dynamic can perpetuate a cycle of dysfunction as the scapegoat's behavior is misinterpreted as the primary problem rather than a manifestation of the family's overall difficulties.

In contrast, the other options—mediator, facilitator, and observer—represent different roles within family dynamics and therapy, none of which specifically embody the concept of a symptom carrier. A mediator typically helps facilitate communication and resolution between conflicting parties, a facilitator aids in the therapeutic process, and an observer may provide insights without directly influencing the interaction. Thus, the scapegoat holds a unique position in representing the visible manifestation of deeper family issues.